Periodization Concepts for Intercollegiate Sports by. Pasaulio jaunimo irklavimo. Block periodization. Breakthrough in Sports. Periodization of constructional productivity in diachronic Manual periodization o Normalised frequency. Block vs. Periodization Periods. Periodization training.
Does periodization matter? Based on above mentioned considerations, the annual cycle design can be presented as the sequence of the training blocks, where similar aims can be presented as the sequence of more or less autonomous stages, where similar aims can be obtained by means of a partially renewed and qualitatively improved training program Issurin, It should be very important to end the realization phase with some kind of competition to have information about the effect of the training cycle and to monitor the performance.
In case the competition is not possible, it should be substituted with a testing battery, specific for the aims of the training cycle. For example, if the training cycle was targeted to development of maximal power, the testing batery should include maximal power testing. Skip to content Try Sportlyzer software: Sign up free. Page Discussion History. Issurin points out that training cycles he calls them training blocks or mesocycles should be specialized and compiled in order to produce one of three different effects: Accumulation — athletes should accumulate basic motor and technical abilities for potential use Transmutation — athletes should transmute their potential to eventspecific preparedness Realization — athletes should realize theid preparadness in readiness for competition and reaching the planned result.
Irrespective of the BP models used, the meta-analyses showed favorable effects of BP for VO 2 max and Wmax, and the consistency in moderate-to-large ESs displayed for both workload at different exercise thresholds and endurance performance measurements in BP suggests also superior adaptations compared to TRAD. In general, these results seem promising, but since majority of the reviewed studies are small and of low methodological quality, the results must be considered with this in mind.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Open Access J Sports Med. Published online Oct Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Jun 27; Accepted Sep 2. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.
For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Physiotherapy evidence database. Abstract Background Block periodization BP has been proposed as an alternative to traditional TRAD organization of the annual training plan for endurance athletes.
Objective To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the effect BP of endurance training on endurance performance and factors determinative for endurance performance in trained- to well-trained athletes.
Keywords: block training, traditional training, high-intensity training. Introduction Historically, the block periodization BP training approach appeared for the first time in the early s and has since then been popular and widely used among high-performance coaches. Methods Literature search This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the guidelines established by the PRISMA statement, 14 except for the descriptive results from the literature search which in this paper is mentioned in this chapter ie, optimized PRISMA.
Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Data extraction We extracted the following characteristics from each eligible trial: authors; year of publication; groups; training status; sample size; sex; mean baseline age and body weight; exercise modality; training period and frequency; training session protocol including work intensity and duration; if sessions were supervised or not. Results from database search The database search identified potentially relevant journal articles Figure 1.
Block periodization 11 Kayakers Male Athletes Kayaking and resistance exercises 3 blocks 1. VT 2 -focus, 5 weeks. VO 2 max-focus, 5 weeks. Competition pace-focus, 2 weeks. VT 2 -focus, 12 weeks. VO 2 max-focus, 6 weeks. Competition pace-focus, 4 weeks. Active rest periods between intervals. Passive rest periods between intervals. Same amount of total training as exp. Female Athletes Skiing, running, cycling, resistance exercises Traditional periodization.
Table 2 PEDro scores. Calculation of effect sizes for meta-analysis VO 2 max and Wmax were evaluated in the meta-analysis since these two are considered to be the most important predictors of endurance performance 33 and were the most common reported variables across studies.
Statistical analysis Meta-analysis was fitted using a random-effect model threating variation between studies as a random effect and variation between BP and TRAD groups as random effects nested within studies.
Results Meta-analyses The VO 2 max and Wmax analyses comprised subjects, nested within 6 studies. Figure 2. Figure 3. Maximal power output Wmax showed an overall ES of 0. Systematic review Endurance performance was assessed in eight of the examined studies Measures of closed-end cycling performances was conducted in five studies 11 , 12 , 17 , 19 , Discussion The present study investigated the effects of BP on factors determinative for endurance performance and endurance performance measurements based on systematic analyses of pooled data from the existing literature.
To BP, or not to BP The somewhat divergent results reviewed in this paper and the uncertainty with statistical models complicate the interpretation of the efficacy of BP.
Conclusion Irrespective of the BP models used, the meta-analyses showed favorable effects of BP for VO 2 max and Wmax, and the consistency in moderate-to-large ESs displayed for both workload at different exercise thresholds and endurance performance measurements in BP suggests also superior adaptations compared to TRAD. Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
References 1. Issurin VB. New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization. Sport Med. Goutianos G. Block periodization training of endurance athletes: a theoretical approach based on molecular biology. Cell Mol Exerc Physiol. Biological background of block periodized endurance training: a review. Sports Med. Koprivica V.
Block periodization - a breakthrough or a misconception. There is a presentation of so-called dual approach to giftedness, that differs between two factors: a predisposition to certain activity and b trainability. Chapter 5. Altitude training The concept of altitude training AT is being discussed in this chapter, and to be honest, there are some useful information that cannot be found in any other book I have read so far, although some of the stuff I already heard from my prof.
Vladimir Koprivica during my studies. The chapter begins by laying out scientific background, general factors affecting altitude performance and basics of altitude adaptation.
There is a discussion regarding contradictions of the effect of AT in physiological textbooks vs. The chapter proceeds on a discussion regarding general principles of AT and the definition of three main goals of AT: a preparation for sea-level performance, b preparation for altitude performance and c diversification and improvement of annual preparation.
There is a description of phases of altitude acclimatization: a acute, b transition and c stabilization. Post altitude re-acclimatization and the concept of positive and negative phases of athletes state following AT is also discussed and this is the most interesting part of the chapter.
Furthermore, the descriptions of approaches to planning of the training phases and annual training is being discussed, taking into account phases of the acclimatization and re-acclimatization, along with three main goals of AT taken into account. Non-conventional approaches to AT are also being discussed along with their possible use. The chapter finishes with guidelines for structuring an altitude preparation program.
Altough the book is regarding Block Periodization, there are some very usable informations that can be used outside of this model. More sport-specific examples should have been introduced. One may ask whether this book and BP per se is applicable to lower level athletes and team sports.
Well, BP is a tool and every tool have its problem for which is determined to fix. So, the anwer depends on the situation you deal with. Anyway, I hardly imagine that BP can be used in team sports with such a long competition period and short preparatory period, although there are some interesting concepts and ideas like mini-blocks, compatibility and sequencing of training modalities, designing of a microcycle that could also be use in more traditional or complex-parallel periodization.
To conclude, BP has its place and this book is currently the best there is on this subject. The good news is that from now on Complementary Training members can order any of their books with considerable discount. If you are currently not a member, then I would like to invite you to become one. At the bottom of this page members can find the appropriate coupon code and use it whenever they like. Members Only! Don't miss this great opportunity.
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