Basing on abovesaid merits, the light aggregate cement is now widely implemented in civil or building construction, however, the light aggregate material is not collectable whenever desired until recently the related calcination technology is gradually matured. In building a calcination kiln, the kiln structure and associated facilities must be put into consideration, wherein the building site is a primary factor that may affect greatly the convey time and working efficiency of the light aggregate material, and the plane area occupied by the calcination kiln is also a key point for determination of the building site.
Therefore, the way to reduce plane area occupied is an important issue for breaking through the setup constraints in building a calcination kiln. This invention is a rotary kiln for calcination of light aggregate cement, wherein a U-turn coupling is adopted for cutting down about half length of a linear calcination kiln to reduce area occupied; a feeding entrance is positioned higher than a product exit; a plurality of revolving segments provided to the rotary kiln body is tapered in caliber gradually to realize a uniform calcination process and save space.
The primary object of this invention is to provide a rotary kiln for calcination of light aggregate cement by taking the advantage of a U-turn kiln body to thereby significantly reduce the area occupied, the production cost, and delivery time of the aggregate material. Another object of this invention is to provide a rotary kiln for calcination of light aggregate cement, wherein a plurality of revolving segments is varied in caliber gradually to obtain a high calcination efficiency. For more detailed information regarding advantages or features of this invention, at least an example of preferred embodiment will be elucidated below with reference to the annexed drawings.
As indicated in FIGS. The heavy oil combustion device 2 and a heavy oil provider 21 are connected to the product exit The revolving segments 12 are varied in caliber gradually for heightening its efficiency, and in this case, they are gradually reduced from the product exit 14 all the way up to the feeding entrance 11 , namely, the diameter of the revolving segment 12 connected with the feeding entrance 11 is the shortest. When heavy oil is burnt from the heavy oil combustion device 2 towards the calcination kiln body 1 , thermal energy is inevitably consumed during transmission, however, combustion can be spread evenly and economically through the entire calcination kiln body 1 to achieve a uniform combustion effect based on the tapered design of the revolving segments After the light aggregate material is continuously fed through the feeding entrance 11 at the top end, calcination starts in the upmost revolving segment 12 at a predetermined temperature and spreads gradually all the way down to the lowest revolving segment 12 with the largest caliber, and to be collected at the product exit The output light aggregate material is then cooled by a cooling device 3 located under and coupled with the product exit 14 for strengthening the calcined material before being delivered to a storage tank 4.
An important measurements and its predicted trends is shown as blue remark is the introduction of a slack variable for each CV, line; green line represents the filtered model mismatch useful for infeasibility handling: it eventually allows the same filter used in the identification phase has been some CVs constraint to be relaxed.
The insertion of this adopted. This filtered model mismatch has been used in variables vector in the DO cost function is suitably the APC formulation. Free lime values [14]. TOCS formulation provides a single slack variable for each output variable constraint; in this way, an accurate management of the constraint relaxations can be performed.
As additional feature, a suitable pre relaxation Figure 5. APC system basic architecture. This In the proposed control system, the only economic feature guarantees consistency between steady state variable is the fuel charge rate that, together with ID fan targets and constraints. The by TOCS.
Moreover, steady state step max constraints see attempts to fulfill DO steady state constraints [5], [15]. The cost function is, the DO formulation. The state estimator module see Fig. According to DO module, constraints corrector see Fig. In addition to the operators i. The iv. When a new free lime value is NOx. The performances of the APC system are compared available, new charge rate constraints adjustments are to that of the previous standard PID controller.
The eventually considered as suggested from the lookup table results depicted in Fig. The actual application of these constraints approximately three weeks before and four weeks after variations takes into account the actual fuel charge rate the APC activation, respectively.
APC main contribution value. In this case the constraint to update is directly Consequently, the system can more safely approach its updated according to the variation as resulting operative constraints.
This has contributed to the from the lookup table. Consequently to the lower or upper bound fuel charge Figure 7. DO steady state configuration. In this way, consistency The overall results obtained after approximately a year between steady state constraints and optimal targets is since APC first start up, can be summarized as in the assured. The proposed APC has been installed on an Italian For the computation of the average specific cement plant replacing a previous manual conduction of consumption, coal heating power and meal free lime has standard PID loops; it has been implemented on a been taken into account.
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