If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Create your free account to read unlimited documents. Ghilani and Paul R. As a benefit to the instructor, each problem consists of the book question and a derived solution. This is provided so that useful feedback and references to the appropriate parts of the book can be easily provided to the students. Every attempt has been made to provide correct responses to the questions, but most assuredly, a few mistakes may have occurred.
Please accept our apologies for them and correct them in your printouts. Since there will be no reprints of the Instructors Manual, corrections will not be made to these files. However, any erratum that is found is the book will be graciously accepted by the author to update subsequent printings of this and future editions. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Home Explore Login Signup.
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Embed Size px. Start on. Show related SlideShares at end. WordPress Shortcode. Share Email. Top clipped slide. Download Now Download Download to read offline. Lecture 08 angles,azimuths and bearings. Lecture 11 traverse computations. Lecture 10 traversing. Lecture 09 total station instruments and angle observations.
Lecture 07 leveling field procedures and computations. Lecture 06 leveling theory methods and equipment. Lecture 05 distance measurement. Lecture 04 astronomical observations. Lecture 03 theory of errors in observations.
Lecture 01 introduction of surveying. Related Books Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Uncommon Carriers John McPhee. The Art of War Sun Tsu. Related Audiobooks Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Elizabeth Howell. Keisha Stewart , Hello! I can recommend a site that has helped me. Judith Dildig. Dianne Capinig. Fahim Zaman. Julianna Dimple Orcales. Angelique Adivino. Inam UR Rehman. Cusmaan Abuukar Xuseen. Huthafaa Abdullah. Muhammad Muaz Alvi. Shay Coronacion. Show More.
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These software packages are discussed throughout the book were appropriate and can be used to check many of the solutions. These software packages are freeware, and can be freely downloaded and installed on your computer systems. However, they are only to be used for educational purposes and no support for using these packages is implied or given. Discussions in the book and the accompanying help file system should be sufficient for determining the proper procedures for using the software.
These software packages can be used by students to check their responses to numerical questions in the book, or to do some of the more numerically intensive problems in the book that would otherwise be extremely time-consuming. These software packages often only require coordinates of stations and the desired observations to be determined. The generated observations are randomly perturbed using a normal random number generator to create realistic data sets.
This software can be used to create instructor-generated additional problems for the practice and examination. Additionally, Mathcad worksheets have been developed for several map projections mentioned in the book, but not thoroughly discussed.
All of the software on the companion website requires Windows 95 or later operating system and have accompanying help files, which discuss their use. Mathcad requires version Additionally, short videos of the solutions to some problems are available on the companion website for this book. Charles D. Answers will vary by response. See Section 1. From Section 1. In plane surveys, except for leveling, the reference base for fieldwork and computations is assumed to be a flat horizontal surface.
The direction of a plumb line and thus gravity is considered parallel throughout the survey region, and all measured angles are presumed to be plane angles. From the FIG definition of surveying, item "The planning, measurement and management of construction works, including the estimation of costs.
In application of the foregoing activities surveyors take into account the relevant legal, economic, environmental, and social aspects affecting each project. The field is known as high-precision agriculture. Some items students may lists include" 1. Establishing control for use in other surveys. Mapping the surface of the Earth and other celestial objects with photogrammetry, laser scanning, or remote sensing. Mapping archeological artifacts. Mapping the bottom of oceans and waterways.
Creating Geographic and Land Information Systems for public use. Performing ordinance surveys for the military.
Creating topographic maps. Optical tooling. Mapping of statues and other forms of artwork using terrestrial photogrammetry or laser scanning. Mapping of accident sites in forensic surveying.
To provide an accurate record of the locations of these utilities so they can be found if repairs or servicing is needed, and to prevent their accidental destruction during excavation for other projects. Topographic surveys are used whenever elevation data is required in the end product. Some examples include 1 creating maps for highway design; 2 creating maps for construction surveys; 3 creating maps for flood plain delineation; 4 creating maps for site location of buildings; and so on.
Sea surveying is associated with port and offshore industries and the marine environment, including measurements and marine investigations made by ship borne personnel. From Section , paragraph 8 of text: His procedure, which occurred about B. Eratosthenes had concluded that the Egyptian cities of Alexandria and Syene were located approximately on the same meridian, and he had also observed that at noon on the summer solstice, the sun was directly overhead at Syene.
This was apparent because at that time of that day, the image of the sun could be seen reflecting from the bottom of a deep vertical well there. He reasoned that at that moment, the sun, Syene, and Alexandria were in a common meridian plane, and if he could measure the arc length between the two cities, and the angle it subtended at the earth's center, he could compute the earth's circumference. He determined the angle by measuring the length of the shadow cast at Alexandria from a tall vertical staff of known length.
The arc length was found from multiplying the number of caravan days between Syene and Alexandria by the average daily distance traveled. Subsequent precise geodetic measurements using better instruments, but techniques similar geometrically to Eratosthenes', have shown his value, though slightly too large, to be amazingly close to the currently accepted one.
Briefly, the steps should include 1 preliminary walking of property with owner; 2 courthouse research to locate deed of property and adjoiners to determine ownership, possible easements, right-of-ways, conflicts of interest, and so on; 3 location survey of property noting any encroachments; conflicting elements; and so on; 4 resolution of conflicting elements between deed and survey; 5 delivery of surveying report to owner.
If so, what limits are set? Responses will vary 1. Responses will vary but some common organizations are the 1 county surveyor, 2 register of deeds, 3 county engineer, 4 Department of Transportation, 5 Department of Natural Resources of its equivalent, and so on. Responses will vary. See Section Students can look this information and much more with a web search.
Responses may include 1 logistics in transportation; 2 hunting; 3 location of cell phone calls; 4 timing of telecommunications networks; 5 navigation in the boating industry; and so on. Photogrammetry presently has many applications in surveying. It is used, for example, in land surveying to compute coordinates of section corners, boundary corners, or point of evidence that help locate these corners.
Large—scale maps are made by photogrammetric procedures for many uses, one being subdivision design. Photogrammetry is used to map shorelines, in hydrographic surveying, to determine precise ground coordinates of points in control surveying, and to develop maps and cross sections for route and engineering surveys. Photogrammetry is playing an important role in developing the necessary data for modern Land and Geographic Information Systems.
Discuss why these stations are important to the surveying community. These stations provide extremely accurate locations on the surface of the Earth. The stations are used to develop world-wide reference frameworks such as ITRF They also may provide tracking information for satellites. Responses will vary but may mention the capabilities of a GIS to overlay soil type and their permeability with slopes, soil saturation, and watershed regions. A GIS can also be used to provide a list of business and residences that will be affected by possible flooding for evacuation purposes.
Briefly explain the value of the available information to surveyors. Write a brief summary of the article. Response will vary. From Section 2. It would have been extremely difficult and confusing to change all related documents and maps that already existed. Thus the old standard, now call the U. A new day's work should begin on a new page to provide a record of what work was accomplished each day and to document an changes in the field crew, weather, instrumentation, and so on.
A zero should be placed before a decimal point for the sake of clarity. The need for a title, index, and cross-reference is to provide a clear path of where the work to find the notes for a specific project, even if some notes come from previous work. Sketches should be made instead of recording data anytime observations need to be clarified so that the personnel interpreting the notes can have a clear understanding of the field conditions. This also serves as a reminder of the work performed and any unusual conditions in later references to the project.
Listing the makes and serial numbers of the instruments used in the survey may help isolate instrumental errors later when reviewing the project. The ability of survey controllers to communicate with several different types of instruments allows the surveyor to match the specific conditions of the project with the instrument that this is ideally suited for the job.
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