Science cannot prevent bias, but it can correct it. Gould understood this. Register or Log In. The Magazine Shop. Login Register Stay Curious Subscribe.
The Sciences. Skulls from the collection of 19th century scholar Samuel Morton. Gould never made, nor did he ever claim to make, nor did he have any reason to make any measurements himself. Thus, as a matter of logic, there is no way that the results of Lewis et al. Perhaps there are other explanations for the anomalously small African mean cranial capacity reported in Crania Americana. However, Lewis et al. Lewis et al. Gould argued that unconscious bias is ubiquitous in science.
Gould did not believe that biased results are inevitable. We maintain that this accusation, which continues to reverberate, is undeserved, and we hope that this Comment will prompt at least some readers to reevaluate the evidence and arguments. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.
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We do not guarantee that these techniques will work for you. Some of the techniques listed in The Mismeasure of Man may require a sound knowledge of Hypnosis, users are advised to either leave those sections or must have a basic understanding of the subject before practicing them. DMCA and Copyright : The book is not hosted on our servers, to remove the file please contact the source url.
In his book, Gould analyzes and critiques scientific attempts to prove that fixed numerical values can be assigned to individuals and groups through the measurement of intelligence as a single quantity. The first part of the book focuses on the science of craniometry, which was at the forefront of biological determinism during the 19th century.
During this time, scientific investigation focused on compiling numerical data measuring the sizes of human brains in order to arrive at a rational, objective methodology for ranking racial intelligence. Gould surveys the early scientific findings in this field, and also reexamines the work of leading scientists Samuel George Morton and Paul Broca. In reviewing the data collection tables and publications of Morton and Broca, Gould argues that once unconscious and prejudicial bias is removed, the scientific data shows there is no evidence for race-based intellectual difference.
However, because quantifiable approaches of measuring intelligence were established scientific theories, published research was not only accepted, it paved the way for other race-based theories of intelligence, including evolutionary recapitulation and criminal morphology.
The second part of the book focuses on the use of intelligence testing in the 20th century. In his review of research by H. Goddard , L. Terman, and R. Thurstone , three intelligence researchers who popularized the statistical modeling tool of factor analysis.
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